Tula (1146). City, center of the Tula region. The name is given from the Tulitsa River (Tulka), on which it was founded. There are several assumptions about the origin of this name, which do not take into account the fact that the name originally referred to the river, and not to the village. From this comes the Baltic version given by V. A. Nikonov: from the Lithuanian tula "settlement in a new place, colonies" (Nikonov. Short toponymic dictionary). In addition, the Upa River flows nearby, whose name is probably of Baltic origin. M. Fasmer assumed that the toponym was formed from the dialect Tula "shelter, refuge", which Dahl considered Saratov. This meaning of the appellative Fasmer associated with the fact that the surrounding lands in the XVI century were called Tula Ukraine, i.e. the outskirts where you can hide, find a secret refuge (Fasmer. Etymological Dictionary of the Russian language, vol. IV).

To explain the place name, go through the hydronym Tulitsa, Tulka (originally, probably, Tula. compare the rivers Penza-Penzyatka, Orel-Orlik, Mstera-Msterka, etc.). Near Tulitsa, the rivers Mokraya Tulitsa, Sinya Tulitsa, and Bolshaya Tulitsa were known. Repeating a hydronym is a sure sign that it is some kind of hydrographic term. There are reasons to associate it with the already mentioned dialect tula - "hidden, inaccessible place", from where to tulit, pritulit "to become, become invisible". Perhaps the Tulitsa River (from Tula) is "a river hidden by thickets, bushes", invisible, invisible in thickets. E. M. Murzaev attributed the appeal of Tula "hidden, inaccessible place" to geographical terms and believed that it underlies the name of the city (Murzaev. Dictionary of popular geographical terms).

At the same time, one cannot exclude Baltic or Finno-Ugric languages.

* Continued. For the beginning, see Russian speech. 1994. NN 4-6; 1995. NN 1-6; 1996. NN 1-6; 1997. NN 1-6; 1998. NN 1-6; 1999. NN 1-6; 2000. NN 1-2.

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find the name of the Tulitsa River (it flows into the Upa River) and the city of the same name that received this name. The argument in favor of its Baltic origin is the hydronym Upa, which correlates with the Lithuanian yre, upis, upys, Latvian ire "river, stream" and the hydronymy of the river Title, meadow Tulejos, etc. (Vanagas A. Lietuvu hidronimii etimologinis iodynas. Vilnius, 1981). The Finnish-language origin of the name is supported by the presence of similar hydronyms in the Russian North and Northwest: the Tula, Tuloksa Rivers, Lake Tulos, Tu loma River, etc. There are attempts to correlate the name Tula with Turkic geographical terms (Molina E. F. Essays on Indo-European word formation, Part I. Names of hydro-concepts. Tomsk, 1973).

tulyaki,tulyak,tulyachka and tulchane,tulchanki, tulchanka;

tulyany,tulyanin,tulyanka

Tula, -th, -th

Tula is a steel soul. Tula-gunsmiths. Tula residents chained a flea to a chain. These expressions reflect the specifics of Tula residents ' occupations - metalworking, high-class weapons making.

They don't go to Tula with their own samovar. This is jokingly said in the case when someone takes a deliberately unnecessary thing with them on a trip, which can be purchased where the person is going.

Tuma (1938). A work settlement in the Ryazan region. The name can be explained using Finnish-language material. Researchers associate it with the Erzya tumo " oak "and the Mari tum" oak " or "wilderness, forest, impenetrable forest" (Nikonov. Edict. op.). This explanation is also supported by the fact that the village is located in the forests of the Ryazan Meshchera and in the zone of distribution of Finnish-language toponyms, in particular, hydronyms with the basis tum -: Tumaley, Tumaleyka, Tumka, Tumovka, etc.

tumchane, tumchanin and tumaki, tumak

tumsky, -th, -th

Tumbotino. A work settlement in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The name is given by the surname (nickname) of the first owner of the village of Tumba. At the heart of the nickname, researchers see the Finno-Ugric word tambo "pool, pit" (the village is located on the bank of the Oka) or tumo "oak": in the vicinity of the village, even now, many oak forests have been preserved (Morokhin. Nizhny Novgorod Toponymic Dictionary).

tumbotintsy; tumbotinets

tumbotinsky, -th, -th

Turgenevo. Russian work settlement in the Republic of Mordovia. The name is given after the name of the owner of this village, I. P. Turgenev, a well-known public figure of the XVIII century, a member of the circle of N. I. Novikov, later curator of Moscow University. Turgen, Turgenev-a Russian surname of Turkic origin is known in sources since 1471 and is quite widespread among Russians.

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turgenevtsy, turgenevets, turgenevka

turgenevsky, -th, -th

Tutaev. A city in the Yaroslavl region. From 1822 to 1918 it was called Romanov-Borisoglebsk. He was delighted from two villages located on different banks of the Volga. Romanov was founded by the Yaroslavl Prince Roman Vasilyevich in 1370 on the left bank of the Volga River. Borisoglebsk was mentioned in the XV century as the Borisoglebskaya fishing settlement of the Moscow princes (on the right bank of the Volga). The name is given after the church of Boris and Gleb. In 1777, having received the status of county towns, both villages merged into the city of Romanov-Borisoglebsk. In 1918, it was renamed Tutaev after the Red Army soldier I. I. Tutaev (1899-1919), who died during the suppression of the White Guard mutiny in Yaroslavl. Surname Tutaev from the nickname Tutai, known since the end of the XVI century: Tutai-landowner, Ryazan (Veselovsky. Onomastics)

tutaevtsy, tutaevets

tutaevsky, -th, -th

Tuchkovo. An urban-type settlement in the Moscow Region. In the past, this was the Tuchkov family estate. Four Tuchkov brothers were generals of the Russian army, heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812. Two of them died in the Battle of Borodino. In 1904, the local railway station Mukhino was renamed Tuchkovo, and in 1934, the name Tuchkovo was also given to the workers ' settlement that grew up under it. The name of the Tuchkovs, after whom the village and station are named, comes from the nickname Tuchka, known in the XV century, and is also recorded in sources from the XV century (Veselovsky. Edict. op.).

tuchkovtsy, tuchkovets

tuchkovsky, -th, -th

Tarnovo. A village in the Ryazan region. It is known in the sources of the XV-XVII centuries as Tarnova Sloboda in the possession of the Terekhovo-Voskresensky Monastery. The name is given from the river Tyrnitsa, on which the settlement is based. An inverse relationship is also possible - the river along the settlement. The name of the settlement may be of anthroponymic origin. In the XVI century, the nickname Tyrna (Veselovsky. Edict. op.).

tarnovtsy, tarnovets

tarnovsky, -th, -th

Tyushevo. A village in the Ryazan region. It has been known since the 16th century as the village of Tishevo. Presumably, the name is based on the local word tish "low-lying meadow place near the Oka", which also gave such a name as Lake Tish. Such lakes are of ancient origin in the Oka floodplain along its middle course (Smolitskaya. Hydronymy of the Oka River basin). Over time, they dried up and turned into a low-lying meadow near the river. An anthroponymic origin of the toponym is also possible. In the sources of the XV-XVI centuries, the nickname Tyusha (Veselovsky. Edict. op.).

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tyushevtsy, tyushevets tyushevsky, -th, -th

Uvarovka. An urban-type settlement in the Moscow Region. It was originally known as a railway station (1870), and later as a settlement formed under it. Named after Uvarov, the owner of the area. The surname has been known since 1482 (Veselovsky. Edict. op.). It is based on the rare Russian male name Uvar (from the old Ur).

uvarovtsy, uvarovets

uvarovsky, -th, -th

Uvarovo. A city in the Tambov region. The name has been known since the 17th century - the village of Uvarove. Toponym of anthroponymic origin - by the surname Uvarov. See Uvarovka.

uvarovtsy, uvarovets

uvarovsky, -th. -th

Uglich. A city in the Yaroslavl region. According to archaeological data, it appeared in the X century, although the first mention of it dates back to 1148 as Uglich (Ugleche) Field. But there is a convincing opinion that the city was originally called Volga (mentioned in the chronicles from the XI to the XIII centuries), and Uglich (Ugleche) The field is a significant part of the Upper Volga region; the area and the city. By the XVI century Uglich (Ugleche) The field finally went out of use, and Uglich was established (Rusinov I. D. Uglich / / Russian onomastics and onomastics of Russia. Moscow, 1994).

There are several assumptions about the origin of the name Uglich and Uglich (Ugleche) Field. According to I. D. Rusinov, the basis of coal may reflect the burning of a forest plot for arable land in the slash-and-burn method of agriculture. According to another assumption, the name arose because the Volga makes a sharp turn, corner in this place, so the area and settlement on it were called Ugleche Pole, Uglich, i.e. corner, located on the corner. This principle of nomination is well known in Slavic toponymy. For Russians, a field, meadow, or dry place that juts out at an angle into someone else's field, meadow, may be called a Corner, just as a rasokha - a field, meadow between a bifurcating riverbed - can also become a Rasokha name. A large microtoponymy such as Vugal, Vugly exists in Belarus. In the basin of the Dnieper and the Oka river, the hydronym Angle is known.

Uglich residents (obsolete) uglichi), uglichanin, uglichanka

uglich and uglich,- a, - o, outdated. uglitsky, -th, -th

Uglich residents are tolokonniks, i.e. they like to eat oatmeal - a dish made from oatmeal.

Uglyanets. A village in the Voronezh Region. It has been known since the beginning of the 17th century as the village of Telechino. The name is associated with the fact that in this village once produced charcoal for their own needs and on the basis of

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sale in Voronezh (Prokhorov. All Voronezh land).

uglyants, uglyanets

uglyansky, -th, -th

Uglipechi. A village in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The name is given by the fact that in the XVII century there was established the production of potash, charcoal. See Maidan.

uglipechentsy, uglipechenets

uglipechenskiy, -th, -th

Ugra. River, a left tributary of the Oka River in the Kaluga Region. The origin of the hydronym is not completely clear, although most researchers consider it Baltic and relate it to similar names and appellatives from the Baltic languages. M. Fasmer correlated it with the Latvian Uogre (in the basin of Zap. Dvina) and with the Lithuanian Unurupe, formed from the appellative meaning "river of eels". He did not exclude another Baltic source with an initial v and considered it the old Prussian Uapgare from the Lithuanian vinris " bend "(Fasmer. Edict. soch. Vol. IV). This appeal is also given in the book by L. G. Nevskaya: vingris "bend of the river, bend" (Baltic geographical terminology). V. N. Toporov also considers the Ugra Baltic and correlates this name with the Lithuanian Ugra and Ugr in the basin of the Western Dvina ("Baltica" of the Moscow region).

The Kaluga Ugra developed a large number of toponyms of proper Russian word formation: tributaries of the rivers Malaya Ugrichka, Ugrichka, and Ugritsa villages. Ugrichka (XVIII century), a modern village of Ugra.

ugrintsy, ugrinets

ugrinsky, -th. -th

Udarny. Moksha is a Russian settlement in the Republic of Mordovia. It was founded in 1929 by Komsomol settlers from several villages of Mordovia. They have committed themselves to work hard to complete the five-year task (five-year plan) for logging in three years. This circumstance gave the village its name. Such names were not unique in Central Russia at the turn of the 1920s and 1940s. Compare, for example, the modern village of Udarnik in the Voronezh Region, which was named after the nearest state farm "Udarnik" in 1931.

udarninitsy, udarninets; razgov. drummers, drummer

udarninsky, - th. - oe; razgov. percussive, -th, -th

Specific value. An urban-type settlement in the Moscow Region. Originally it was the name of a railway platform (1894), then a country village (1924). Udelnaya is a station (later a settlement) located on the land of the Appanage Department that was responsible for the real estate of the imperial family. Wed. Udelnaya railway station is now located within the city limits of St. Petersburg.

udelnintsy, udelninets

udelninsky, -th, -th

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Udomlya (1981). A city in the Tver region. The first mention in 1478 is the Udomel churchyard at Lake Udomlya. The village is probably named after the lake, although the opposite relationship is also possible. The Baltic origin of the hydronym is assumed.

udomeltsy, udomelets

udomelsky district,- th, - th

Nodal (1938). A city in the Tula region. It has been known since the end of the XIX century as a settlement at the Uzlovaya station, named after its location at the intersection (at the junction) of two railway directions: Moscow-Donbass and Ryazhsk-Vyazma.

uzlovchane,uzlovchanin, uzlovchanka

uzlovsky, -aya, - oe and uzlovskoy, -aya, - oe

A treasure trove. Locality in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

The name is given by the fact that there was once a boarding ground here, and then a bee house with beehives (Morokhin. Nizhny Novgorod Toponymic Dictionary).

Umay. A village in the Nizhny Novgorod region on the Umayka River. It has been known since the 16th century. Undoubtedly, the name of the village and the river are of the same origin, but it is difficult to say which of them is primary and which is secondary, since the Mordovian umai is "a strip of sown land". This is quite logical in relation to the name of the village, which originated near a strip of sown land, near arable land, but not in relation to the name of the river.

umaytsy, umayets and umayevtsy, umayevets

umaysky, -ay, - oe and umayevsky, -ay,- oe

Umet. Moksha is a Russian settlement in the Republic of Mordovia. In the XIX century, this is the owner's village of Avdalov Umet. Villages with the second part of Umet were widely known not only in Mordovia, but also in the Tambov and Samara regions. One of the meanings of the word umet is "an inn, a station on the old salt roads of the southern and south-eastern part of Russia". This explains the large number of toponyms with the word umet. Avdalov (Andalovs) Umet means that such a station was located on the road that passed through the land of the village of Avdalovo. Similar ones: Shilovsky Umet farm, Kamenny Umet village, Peresypkinsky Umet village, etc. (Injevatov. Toponymic Dictionary of the Mordovian ASSR).

umetovtsy, umetovets

umetovsky, -th, -th

To be continued

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